Software Piracy beyond the Street Corner Essay -- Technology Lawsuits

Programming Piracy past the Street Corner On January 23, 2003, the world’s driving PC organizing gear producer Cisco Systems, headquartered in San Jose California, recorded a claim against China-based Huawei Technologies and its United States auxiliaries Huawei America and FutureWei Technologies. In the claim, Cisco asserted that Huawei took protected innovation by replicating its Internet Operating System (IOS) programming and its copyrighted client manuals. Cisco likewise guaranteed that Huawei encroached on its licenses. After various bombed endeavors to determine these grievances straightforwardly with Huawei, which incorporated a stop this instant letter to one of Huawei’s United Kingdom merchants, Cisco concluded that a claim was important to secure the organization and its shareholder’s advantages. The claim was handled through United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. This paper will give a review of this milestone case and examine whether each organization had an alternate perspective on morals that started from contrasting social points of view. I. Case Background Cisco Systems’ 77 page grumbling recorded in the United States District Court for the Easter District of Texas requested a preliminary by jury in light of Huawei’s misappropriation and protected innovation encroachment in the advancement of its contending Quidway switches. One of Huawei’s United States based entirely claimed auxiliary, FutureWei, is situated in Plano, Texas; the other auxiliary Huawei America is situated in California’s Silicon Valley, close by Cisco Systems’ base camp. The China-based parent organization is a multi-billion dollar company that has fabricated system and broadcast communications hardware since 1988. Huawei showcased its Quidway switch... ... â€Å"Huawei: Cisco Code is Gone,† April 15, 2003, http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=31253 [3] â€Å"Cisco Wins Huawei Injunction,† June 9, 2003, http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=35058 [4] â€Å"Managing in the Multicultural Environment†, Charis Intercultural Training Corporation, 2004. [5] â€Å"Differences of Opinion: The Cisco-Huawei Lawsuit†, The Hoffman Agency, China High Tech PR Newsletter, http://www.chinahightechpr.com/fullArticle.cfm?code=284 [6] â€Å"WTO Ministerial Conference Approves China’s Accession†, November 10, 2001 Press Release, http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres01_e/pr252_e.htm [7] The United States and China: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Protection, http://usinfo.state.gov/provincial/ea/iprcn/ [8] Baase, S.; A Gift of Fire, second version, Prentice Hall, 2003. Banners got from http://www.enchantedlearning.com

Communication Encourages Learning Essay -- Education Teaching Papers

Correspondence Encourages Learning The homeroom should be an open gathering wherein understudies and educators are permitted and urged to impart insights and encounters. At the point when this correspondence separates the learning condition additionally comes up short. I was in the main evaluation and one of the understudies in our group was attempting to express something to the instructor. Clearly this was not a genuine animating discussion as we were just in the primary evaluation. At the point when the understudy began talking the instructor got aggravated and advised the understudy to quit talking. The understudy attempted again to express something to the educator, now the instructor went ballistic shouting and shouting for the class to be very and not talk. This educator continued to put the understudy in the corner to rebuff her, when the understudy again attempted to express something to the instructor, the educator attached her to her seat and requested everybody in the space to remain quiet. Watching this s howcase enormously affected all the individuals in that room. We as understudies felt that we didn't have anything of significant worth to state, and along these lines ought not make some noise. We additionally took in a dread of responses that may drop by communicating what we needed to state. Luckily since this experience I have not experienced another such instructor, and have had educators who have made a special effort to empower class conversation. I think it is additionally significant for educators to know about the games understudies are playing. My sister and I can both was in grade school and playing game like the rancher and the dell, in this game children remain around and one understudy calls different understudies into the hover to be a section in the melody. The issue with this is the children who are very or timid will in general get left out, and ... ...icate is in the homeroom, where they invest the vast majority of their energy. On the off chance that individuals can speak with one another, and have an understanding that not every person will concur, at that point they will be considerably more beneficial throughout everyday life. They will have the option to express what is on their mind while simultaneously hearing another perspective. This ability is basic to endurance in our developing and evolving society. WORKS CITED Cheney, Lynne V. PC: Alive and Entrenched. The Presence of Others. Comp. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruskiewicz. New York: St. Martins, 1997 112-123. Snares, Bell. Keeping Close to Home: Class and Education. The Presence of Others. Comp Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruskiewicz. New York: St. Martins, 1997 85-96. Rose, Mike. Lives on the Boundary. The Presence of Others. Comp. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruskiewicz. New York: St. Martins, 1997 97-111

Quick Fixes for Common Legal Writing Mistakes

Quick Fixes for Common Legal Writing Mistakes Lets face it: legal writing is difficult. However, there are many quick fixes that can help you to establish a clear, understandable style. Below are my top 20 tips for improving your legal writing.Defined terms should be consistent. If you tag Bill Smith as the Plaintiff, call him the Plaintiff throughout the entire document, not Mr. Brown, Brown, Billy or whatever other name you think will spice up your brief.If you label something A, there must be a B. If used correctly, headings are a great way to organize your brief and give the reader an overall picture of your argument. Headings and subheading should preview each section of legal text. Further, they should be similar in content, grammar and placement.Avoid conclusory language. A conclusion, standing alone, will not persuade your reader. To build a persuasive argument, you must cite to the specific facts and legal authorities that support your conclusion. You cannot simply tell the reader that the Defendant was clearly negligen t. Rather, you must provide the reader with the facts and reasons necessary for him to conclude that the Defendant was indeed negligent.Avoid superfluous language and use plain English. Although every legal education includes the mastering legal terms, part of becoming an effective legal writer is shedding the archaic, the legalese, and the Latin. Too often, those legal words do nothing but make the text sound like a lawyer wrote it. Usually, there are many more effective, reader friendly alternatives that say the same thing. A good rule of thumb is to use legal words correctly but sparingly, and only when necessary.Avoid colloquialism. Legal writing is formal writing. Therefore, you cannot simply write how you might talk in ever day, casual conversation. Most importantly, slang should always be avoided. For example, it would be inappropriate to write, Mr. Brown kicked the bucket on X date. You should simply write, Mr. Brown died on X date.Avoid being catty, snide or sarcastic. It m akes you look childish, immature and unprofessional. It does not add anything to your legal argument. Moreover, judges despise it!Ensure dates, names and amounts are consistent. This simply requires careful attention to detail. I suggest reading through your draft and checking that all of the names are consistent, i.e. you have not started referring to James Smith as Jim Smith halfway through the brief. Next, check that your dates are accurate and in chronological order, if applicable. Finally, double-check any monetary amounts, paying special attention to any parenthetical numerical amounts and their corresponding written amounts.Triple check references to exhibits and affidavits. As with the above, this is primarily an exercise in proofreading and organization. Although it is often tedious, it can prevent embarrassment down the road. You do not want the judge to have to look through all of your exhibits because you mistakenly referred to the demand letter as Exhibit A when it is r eally Exhibit C.Commas and periods go inside quotations. Commas and periods go inside quotes. Always. No exceptions. Quotation marks are used incorrectly in so much legalâ€"and non-legalâ€"writing that most people arent sure what is in fact correct. To further confuse writers, the opposite is true in British English!Beware of over-chronicling. Some dates are very important, but most are not. When the date of every event is listed, it is difficult for the reader to discern which, if any, are relevant to the merits of the case. So unless the exact date is important and should be remembered by the reader, leave it out.Show, don t tell! In your fact section, include concrete examples and citations to relevant documents. This is far more convincing than your opinion or characterization of the facts.Words like obviously and clearly hurt more than help your writing. If you have to emphasize your argument with these words, chances are your argument is not very strong is the first place. Alt hough it seems paradoxical, eliminating these words from your writing actually makes it stronger and enhances your credibility.Its means it is. Its means belonging to it. Enough said.Resist the temptation to use a large word when a small one will do. For example, in most situations, the word use is fine and the word utilize is a bit much.Be brief and to the point. You do not want the reader to be exhausted, physically or mentally, by the time he or she is done reading your brief. I have yet to put down a brief and say, I wish that had been longer, U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. has said.Always give the pinpoint page cite. Should you not give the pinpoint page cite, it suggests to the judge that you are either lazy or that you have accurately recited the holding of the case.Don t be bossy. Avoid telling the court what it must or cannot do. Instead, simply assert that the court should not hesitate to grant the relief your client seeks.The Bluebook is your friend. When it doubt as to a legal citation, look it up. The Bluebook is surprisingly user friendly. Never rely on the citations given in published opinions or by legal research tools, as they are not always correct.Save ample time for proofreading. Typographical mistakes, grammatical errors and incorrect citations can harm your credibility. Take the time to carefully proofread your document and do not simply rely on your word processor s spell and grammar check as they miss many errors. If possible, ask a friend or colleague to review the brief as well.Revise and rewrite, repeat as necessary. It often takes several drafts to attain the virtues of brevity and clarity. Even when you think you have arrived at the final product, take some time and then revisit the draft so you can better evaluate it with a fresh eye.There you have it. I hope my perspective helps you to refine your legal writing skill set. Like any discipline, it takes a lot of practice and trial-and-error, but with time you should be able to master these quick fixes.

The Door Of Ni Ankh Snefru Essay - 997 Words

Okirah Harris Artist Name (Unknown) Door of Ni-ankh-Snefru ca. 2321-2278 B.C.E. White Limestone From the great pyramids to notable rulers, Egypt has solidified its reputation as one of the most dominant civilizations of the Mediterranean world. Through the creation of monuments and artifacts emerges the true beauty and richness of Egypt’s history and art. The Door of Ni-ankh-Snefru embodies the depth of social and religious implications within Egyptian culture. The door was an important element to private tombs because it served as a passageway for the deceased soul to go from one world to the next. Doors like this were often inscribed with offering instructions, the name, and titles of its owner. Visitors would bring offerings to the private tomb to celebrate Ni-ankh-Snefru, who was a wine cellar and food storage overseer at the palace and a lector priest. The sculpture itself stands about five feet high, three feet wide, and is from the Old Kingdom during ca.2321 BCE. It is made of white limestone which gives it a grainy texture, but has traces of paint that give it a more even tone of an off-white or cream color. Typical of Egyptian art, the Door of Ni-ankh-Snefru is decorated with hieroglyphics and reliefs to frame the importance of the deceased, Ni-ankh-Snefru, and convey messages of administration, religion, and culture to its viewers. Egyptian hieroglyphics, typically depicted on scrolls, pottery, and stone, were regularly used to keep records for

Rhetorical Analysis Of O Connor s A Good Man Is Hard...

Adria Corral English 1302 MWF 8:00 A.M. Religion and Morality In â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, Flannery O’Connor uses grotesque and flawed characters to reflect her own faith on the Roman Catholic Church. Set in the rural South during the 1950s, O’Connor takes readers on a journey from a satiric family comedy to a brutal cold blooded murder. An analysis of O’Connor’s use of religious symbolism and foreshadowing through characters and setting will be conducted in order to better understand her views and faith of the Catholic Church. This paper will also argue the belief that religious wisdom is the key for moral guidance. In the beginning of the story, O’Connor uses subtle foreshadowing to indicate that enlightenment is near; the scenery in the story plays a crucial part in the family’s future. While driving through the country, the trees are described as â€Å"full of silver-white sunlight and the meanest of them sparkled.† (O’Connor 310). Where exactly is the family really driving to? O’Connor uses the trees as a possible symbol of the family’s road to heaven, as â€Å"silver-white sunlight† is something most people usually associate with grace or salvation. The grandmother experiences some sort of revelation right before her death insinuating she was saved, which is why the trees weren’t described as something more maleficent. The grandmother was in fact on her way to a sadistic death, but she was going to be cleansed by the Misfit, or God, allowing her to enter heaven. AnotherShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of O Connor s `` A Good Man Is Hard And Find ``892 Words   |  4 PagesA Good Man is Hard to Find and the Use of Foreshadowing The religious theme of achieving salvation is brought full circle in Flannery O’Connor’s, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, by the use of foreshadowing, with elements such as the town of Toomsboro, Georgia, passing a graveyard and the main character dressing as if she were attending a funeral. Although these elements may not be recognized the first time that the story is read, if one goes back over the story, there is a foreboding feeling as theseRead MoreThe Five Dysfunctions of a Team a Leadership Fable46009 Words   |  185 Pages01_960756_ffirs_16.qxd 1/13/06 8:57 AM Page iii The Five Dysfunctions of aTeam A L E A D E R S H I P FA B L E Patrick Lencioni 01_960756_ffirs_16.qxd 1/13/06 8:57 AM Page ii 01_960756_ffirs_16.qxd 1/13/06 8:57 AM Page i Also by Patrick Lencioni Leadership Fables The Five Temptations of a CEO The Four Obsessions of an Extraordinary Executive Death by Meeting Silos, Politics, and Turf Wars Field Guide Overcoming the Five Dysfunctions of a Team

Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

COPD is common worldwide contributes to major disablement every bit good as economic and societal load. More than 30 million Americans have COPD. Deaths from COPD numbered 118,774 in 2001. We will write a custom essay sample on Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It remain 4th taking cause of decease in united provinces. Over the past 20 old ages their decease rate has increased about three creases. 20.1 Per 100,000 in 1980. 56.7 Per 100,000 in 2000. COPD likely highest in England when comparison to the remainder of Europe, particularly in the major Centres of industry. Approximately 5 % of population in Sweden have jobs caused from COPD disease. 35000 sweds is annually placed into infirmary for intervention for heavy external respiration job caused by COPD. In Sweden approximately 2000 individual died of COPD disease annually. PHYSIOTHERAPY IN COPD Physiotherapy is frequently required to assist clear secernment and cut down work of external respiration, including non invasive airing to forestall cannulation. Physiotherapy must therefore include educating the patient and household about Restoration and care of exercising tolerance and self direction. Physiotherapy is hence best provided in the signifier of pneumonic rehabilitation. To live over any bronchospasm and ease the remotion of secernments. To better the form of external respiration, take a breathing control and control of dyspnea. To learn local relaxation, better position and aid still fright and anxiousness. To increase the cognition of the patient about lung status and control of the symptoms. Improve exercising tolerance and guarantee a long term committedness to exercisings. To cut down the perceptual experience of shortness of breath. To better the functional capacity. To cut down the degree of anxiousness for physical activity. Effects OF CHEST WALL STRETCHING IN COPD Chest wall musculuss stretching techniques increases critical capacity and scope of gesture. Keeping respiratory musculus map of critical importance for the respiratory system. The stretching of musculus fibers promotes consecutive addition in the figure of sarcomeres. Increase the volume of the splanchnic mass, inappropriate position, respiratory disease, and musculus failing and aging. Muscle stretching technique addition flexibleness and hurts. Prevent the musculus from responding sufficient extremum tenseness, which evolves to muscle failing, abjuration. Need For The Study Although intercessions to change by reversal failing in peripheral musculuss, are in common usage, secondary postural malformations can happen in response to hyper rising prices and increased work of take a breathing in COPD patients. Postural alterations can include elevated, protracted or abducted shoulder blade with medially rotated humerus and crookback spinal malformations. Since, hyper rising prices of the thorax, topographic points pectoralis major musculus in a sawed-off place it increases the opposition of chest wall to spread out, farther increasing the work of external respiration. The intent of this survey was aimed at stretching the shortened pectoral muscle major musculuss utilizing the clasp relax PNF technique and integrating pectoral mobility exercises to change by reversal the alterations in the chest wall following COPD. Hypothesis Null hypothesis There is no important difference in the dyspnea degree and shoulder horizontal extension following hold relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings. Alternate hypothesis There is important difference in the dyspnea degree and shoulder horizontal extensions following clasp relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings. CHAPTER – Two REVIEW OF LITERATURE Kimm ( 1987 ) Respiratory musculuss stretching better airing and tissue oxygenation improves the activity of day-to-day life and quality of life. Kahisaki et al. , ( 1999 ) The elongation of the respiratory musculuss might better pectoral enlargement and lessening dyspnea in COPD patients. Hamer A, Mahler A, Daubensperh.1967 Respiratory musculus stretching may heighten respiratory musculus map and cut down dyspnea in diagnostic patients with mild COPD. Levso, Honvoh F 1982, Stretching exercisings are a good 1 for the COPD patients and showed to be better the quality of life of patients. Magadle R, Mc Connel AX, Beckerman M, Inspiratory musculus preparation provides extra benefits to patients undergoing pneumonic rehabilitation plan. Moore AJ, StubbingsA, 2006, Concluded that COPD consequences non merely alteration in musculus fiber type distribution, but in a structural alteration in the titin molecule in all musculus fibre type with in the stop. M.Estenne, PA Gevenois, W Kinner In many patients with chronic failing of the respiratory muscles the cut down the lung distensability does non look to be caused by microatelectasis, it might be related to changes in snap of the lung tissues. Hideko minoguchi, Hirotaka Tanaka Respiratory musculus stretch may hold clinically important benefits, which may be slightly different from the benefit of inspiratory musculus preparation, in patients with COPD. M.Jeffy mador, MD, Omar Deniz MD The endurance of the respiratory musculuss can be improved by specific developing beyond that achieved by endurance developing entirely in patients with COPD. Eleine Paulin, Antonio ternando Bruneto 2003. Our consequences suggest that exercises aimed that pectoral enlargement better thoracic enlargement, quality of life bombers maximum exercising capacity, every bit good as cut down dyspnea and depression in COPD patients. PJ Wijkstra, EM tenvergart R, new wave Altena This survey is first show the rehabilitation at place for three months followed by one time monthly physical therapy Sessionss improve quality of life over 18 months ; the alteration in quality of life was non associated with a alteration in exercising tolerance. Havver A, Mahler DA 1989 Target inspiratory musculus stretching may heighten respiratory musculus map and cut down dyspnea in diagnostic patients with COPD. Camargo CA, Clarks Kenney PA. Additions slow critical capacity significantly correlated with dyspnoea betterment among exigency section patients with COPD. Montaldo et al. , 2000 The greater pectoral enlargement might better the length tenseness ratio of the respiratory muscles diminish the sensory nerve stimulation for cardinal respiratory control and cut down dyspnea. Teddoro montemayor et al. , 2006 Suggested that a simple place based plan of exercising preparation achieved betterment is exercise tolerance, station attempt dyspnea, and quality of life in COPD patients. Mario grassi MD, marica pecis 2009 A disease oriented place attention plan is effectual in cut downing mortality in COPD patients. Manuel gimenz, Pedro vergara 2000 A maximally intense stretching exercising plan can be created for most COPD patients that can significantly better respiratory musculus strength and endurance. Denna swart out-corbeil R.N, Davison A.M 2006 Physical exercising is designed to better respiratory efficiency promote, enlargement of lung and, chest, beef up the respiratory musculus and assist the patient breath more freely and to acquire more O into the organic structure. American physiological society 2006 The physical exercising improves respiratory take a breathing capacity by increasing chest wall enlargement and forced expiratory lung volume, bole mobility improves the chest wall map and relieves dyspneas. Putt MT, Watson M, seale H, The clasp and loosen up techniques produce short term benefits in patients with COPD. CHAPTER – Three MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY Study design A individual group pre test- station trial experimental survey design. 3.2 Study puting Department of pulmonology, K.G.Hospital, Coimbatore-18. 3.3 Study continuance Study was conducted for a period of three months ( 12 hebdomads ) . 3.4 Sampling Simple random sampling. 3.5 Subjects A sum of 15 patients diagnosed with mild COPD by the clinical doctor go toing the outpatient Department of Pulmonology of K.G.Hospital were selected indiscriminately for the survey. 3.6 Criteria for choice Inclusive standards Patients classified as holding mild COPD by the doctors were taken for the survey. Ability to execute exercisings. Both sexes. Patient in age group between 35-45 old ages. Exclusive standards Patients with any associated jobs of COPD Recent acute aggravation of disease Conditionss that contraindicate the application of clasp and loosen up techniques. Secondary musculoskeletal upsets. Recent breaks or hurt to the ribs, collarbone or upper limb. Perennial subluxation or disruption of either shoulder. Inability to execute isometric contraction. Connective tissue upset Ischemic bosom diseases Uncontrolled hyper tenseness Moderate to severe osteoporosis Extra conditions curtailing chest enlargement ( e.g. Obesity, terrible scoliosis, ancylosing spondylitis ) Systemic disease musculuss and articulations ( e.g. Rheumatoid arthritis ) Extremist mastectomy with remotion of the pectoral muscle major musculus. Recent thorax or abdominal surgery. 3.7 Variables Independent variables Hold and loosen up technique Thoracic mobility exercisings Dependent variables Shoulder horizontal extension Rate of perceived effort 3.8 Tools Goniometer Borg ‘s graduated table 3.9. Procedure Before the intervention all the topics were explained about the survey process and intervention to be applied. They were asked to inform if they had any uncomfortableness during the class of intervention. The patients were explained and show about the clasp relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings which they had to execute. The pre trial shoulder horizontal extension and rate perceived effort steps were taken, after which the group was asked to execute hold relax technique and pectoral mobility exercising for a continuance of 6 hebdomads, after which shoulder horizontal extension and dyspnea was assessed utilizing Goniometer and Borg ‘s graduated table severally. At the terminal of the 12th hebdomad the degree of dyspnea was found to be decreased with an addition in shoulder horizontal extension motion. 3.10. Stastical tools Paired ‘t ‘ Trial Paired’t ‘ trial was used to compare the pre Vs station A ; post Vs station trial values of both the groups. vitamin D = difference between pre trial V station trial vitamin D = mean difference n = entire figure of topics s = criterion divergence Unpaired ‘t ‘ Trial This was used to analyse the significance between experimental and control groups. Where, S = Standard divergence = Mean of control groups = Mean of experimental group n1 = Number of topics in control groups n2 = Number of topics in experimental group Chapter – Four DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Shoulder Horizontal Extension Movement TABLE – I Paired ‘t ‘ Trials Shows the mean, average difference, standard divergence and paired’t ‘ values between pre trial and station trial values. S.NO Trial Mean Mendelevium South dakota ‘t ‘ Valuess Pre Test 18.6 11 2.80 16.6 Post Test 30.6 The above tabular array I shows the analysis of pre trial and station trial values. The mated t-test value is ( 16.6 ) which is greater than the tabulated t-value ( =2.145 ) at 5 % degree of significance. This shows that there is a important difference between the values. Dyspnea TABLE – Two Paired ‘t ‘ trials Shows the mean, average difference, standard divergence and paired’t ‘ values between pre trial and station trial values. S.NO Trial Mean Mendelevium South dakota ‘t ‘ Valuess PRE Trial 16.6 1.67 2.31 10.2 POST Trial 10.5 The above tabular array II shows the analysis of pre trial and station trial values. The mated t-test value is ( 10.2 ) which is greater than the tabulated t-value ( =2.145 ) at 5 % degree of significance. This shows that there is a important difference between the values. GRAPH – I SHOULDER HORIZONTAL EXTENSION MOVEMENT COMPARISON OF PRE TEST AND POST TEST VALUES Shoulder Horizontal Extension Movement GRAPH – Two Dyspnea COMPARISON OF PRE TEST AND POST TEST VALUES Dyspnea Chapter – Volt Discussion Purpose of this survey was to bespeak that a hold relax technique specifically to the pectoral muscle major musculus is capable of increasing the result steps which are shoulder horizontal extension scope of gesture ( there by a little addition in critical capacity ) and cut down dyspnea in COPD patients. Previous surveies have found that a hold relax technique in normal topics can bring forth statically important increased hemodynamic viz. , systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area, as rate of perceived effort, respiratory rate, SaO2 were non adversely affected in any topics after intercession, this implies that the intervention is a safe method of intervention in chronic respiratory patients. The active method of intervention included in this survey appears to be safe and effectual in chronic respiratory patients. As adaptative shortening and stiffness around the upper limb musculus quadrant addition chest wall opposition and work of take a breathing. A method of change by reversaling these alterations of import to include a direction program for these patients. ( Arch phys med rehabilitation, vol 89, June 2008 ) . 15 topics with COPD were indiscriminately selected as a individual group who underwent hold relax technique of the pectoral muscle major and pectoral mobility exercisings, following 12 hebdomads of survey continuance and there was a important betterment of the result steps shoulder horizontal extension ( t 16.6 ) and dyspnea ( t 10.2 ) . Chapter – Six Decision This survey shows as important betterment in the dyspnea degree ( t=10.2 ) and shoulder horizontal extension ( t=16.6 ) in patients with mild COPD following hold relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings. This provides considerable grounds that hold relax technique can better the restrictive constituent of COPD, Extensibility of the pectoral muscle major musculus and perchance get the better of some of the postural alterations of COPD. Chapter – Seven LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Restriction Restriction of this survey is that FEV1, FVC were non measured in order to bespeak the badness of COPD in each topics. Demographic information was non taken into the survey. Recommendation Further survey should be done to larn more about how to change by reversal the secondary soft tissue effects of chronic respiratory disease. Chapter – Eight How to cite Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Leadership Styles and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Styles and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Answer: Introduction: A particular team can never reach the peak of success without having a contribution of an efficient leader. A leader with proper guidance tends to direct the team properly so that the team members can meet the goal. Giltinane (2013) opined that an appropriate leadership style plays an important role to motivate the employees for performing well towards their own team. Leadership style is classified into different categories that include participative form of leadership style, autocratic form of leadership style and transformational form of leadership form of leadership. This particular study has provided three scenarios based on three different situations. The scenarios have been presented in such a way that leaders had to choose different form of leadership style based on the work situation. As emphasized by Du et al. (2013), every leader should maintain a basic principle while providing a proper guidance to the team members. Frequent change of leadership style may demolish the perf ormance of the team members. Frankel Pgcms (2017) has firmly denied the point of view of previous scholar. This particular author has opined that with the advancement of technology the needs and demands of the people are changing gradually. Therefore, leaders have to change their form of leadership style as per situation. This particular study has provided an in-depth overview on how appropriate form of leadership style has a major impact on the performance of a specific team. Lian Tui (2012) opined that many eminent scholars have expressed their own point of view regarding this specific topic. With the help of an effective critical analysis the study has focused to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of having an appropriate leader within a team. The leaders have to face innumerable challenges while directing the team members as the members belong to diverse cultures and backgrounds. The existence of an efficient leader within the team has both the positive and negative impact. This particular study is based on three different scenarios. In every scenario it has been observed lea ders have changed their leadership style in different situations. In the first scenario, the leadership style of a CEO in a specific company has been highlighted. The case scenario implies that CEO while taking any kind of business decision regarding the further business progress tends to follow autocratic form of leadership. Autocratic form of leadership implies that the decision of the managerial head is considered as supreme. Merchant (2012) stated that employees do not get enough scope to express their point of views regarding the business goal. The CEO tends to impose their decision on team members. On many cases it has been observed that team members have lost their enthusiasm for performing well for the team members. This kind of form of leadership style is very much important for the CEO before implementing business strategy (Mller, Geraldi Turner, 2012). On the other hand, it has been observed that every business organization faces sudden crisis while running the entire business process. At this specific time, the CEO prefers to change th eir leadership style from autocratic to participative. Suanj and Jakopec (2012) stated that participative form of leadership style involves both the employers and the employees equally towards the business process. This particular leadership style implies that employees can share their point of view regarding the success of business. While facing any kind of business crisis CEO needs to take collective decision by involving the managers as well as organizational employees. As a result, employees as well show their enthusiastic attitude for providing superior quality of services to the customers (Clarke, 2013). At the same time, the transformational form of leadership style enables that the CEO to work with the subordinate. By following transformational form of leadership style the CEO can focus on three major factors primarily. Zhu et al. (2013) opined that the facts include inspiring intent, conversation for fulfillment, authentic demeanor, accountable environment and structural integrity. The second scenario has provided detailed overview on how an efficient sport coach has followed several kinds of leadership style in various situations. Whenever a coach remains within the field and guides the players towards proper direction, the employees like to follow autocratic form of leadership style at the workplace. The players have to maintain all the instructions of coach at the play ground. Ng and Sears (2012) opined that in the play ground the players have to be very much focused towards reaching the goal. In this kind of situation the leader should not allow the players to express their own opinion due to avoid any kind of communication barrier, psychological barrier and cultural barrier. Coach should be very much strict in own decision with the help of which the individual can maintain a discipline at the ground (Lam and O'Higgins, 2012). On the other hand, the coach can implement trait leadership theory as well. Trait leadership theory enables the leader to make an ef fective interpersonal communication. Interpersonal communication is the systematic method with the help of which both the sender and the receiver can receive immediate feedback with each other. On the other hand, by maintaining face to face communication the players can express their internal problem that they are facing while surviving within the team. This kind of interpersonal communication helps both the players and the coach to maintain healthy team environment. On the other hand, when a coach is out of the field this particular individual tend to follow democratic form of leadership style. Moriano et al. (2014) the coach by involving all the responsible team mates tends to conduct an effective group session. This particular group session helps the individuals to share their collective opinion. Players are free to express own point of view. On the other hand, based on the opinion the coach gives the players necessary feedback. A specific team is endowed with players from different geographical boundaries and cultural attributes. Therefore, while working on the play ground the players have faced innumerable challenges in communication with each other. In this kind of situation, the overall unity and strength of a specific team is highly destroyed. Therefore, the primary responsibility of an ideal sport coach is to arrange group discussion session by following democratic form of leadership style so that every individual player can communicate with each other. The third scenario has depicted a clear vista on how an efficient leader should behave while the individual will be will stay in a battle field. In order to direct fighters in a battle field the role of an efficient leader is most prominent. A leader should have a proper skill of decision making while the person will be within battle field. Otherwise, any kind of delay in taking the proper decision can demolish the entire consequence. In this kind of situation, the leaders tend to choose autocratic form of leadership style. With the help of autocratic form of leadership style the leader does not have to wait for taking collective decision. As a result, the leader has to take the entire responsibility. On the other hand, when the leader would be out of the battle field the entire scenario is completely different. The leaders can wait for the decision of their team members. Participative form of leadership style can be followed at that particular time. By following the participative leadership styles both the team members and the leader can be involved within business process. Therefore, the leaders get the scope to receive necessary suggestions from the team members on how to win the battle field. As a result, internal communication among the team becomes stronger. This specific scenario has depicted a vast vista on how the leaders of a particular battle field have to face different kinds of unexpected situation at the battle ground. Based on the situation, the leaders have to change their form of leadership style as well. Whenever, an efficient leader prefers to change the leadership style instantly at the spot due to the sudden change of situation, it is called transformational leadership style. Only experienced leaders can use transformational leadership style at the workplace. Conclusion: This particular study has provided in-depth analysis on how leadership style implies a major significance for leading a team towards the business target. The entire study has made critical analysis on three different scenarios. One specific scenario is based on the leadership style of an existing CEO associated with a particular business organization. The second scenario depicts the portraiture of the role of sport coach in inspiring the team members as an efficient leader. The third scenario depicts the detailed overview on how the leader should deal with the situation in the battle field as an efficient leader and decision maker. After evaluating the three scenarios it has been observed that leaders play an important role in everywhere in their own way. While taking a business decision the CEO can take effective communication with the employees to take a collective decision. On the other hand, the situation of a battle field is completely different. The leaders do not have that much time to involve the team for taking participative decision at the battle ground. Therefore, the success of battle is highly dependent on the leader. Similarly, while playing on the ground, the sport coach does not have sufficient time to make collective decision. Therefore, the leaders when staying out of the field tend to implement participative leadership style at the workplace. Reference List: Clarke, S. (2013). Safety leadership: A meta?analytic review of transformational and transactional leadership styles as antecedents of safety behaviours.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,86(1), 22-49. Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A., Sen, S. (2013). The roles of leadership styles in corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,114(1), 155-169. Frankel, A., PGCMS, R. (2017). What leadership styles should senior nurses develop?.benefits,10, 32. Giltinane, C. L. (2013). Leadership styles and theories.Nursing Standard,27(41), 35-39. Lam, C. S., O'Higgins, E. R. (2012). Enhancing employee outcomes: The interrelated influences of managers' emotional intelligence and leadership style.Leadership and Organization Development Journal,33(2), 149-174. Lian, L. K., Tui, L. G. (2012). Leadership styles and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating effect of subordinates' competence and downward influence tactics.The Journal of Applied Business and Economics,13(2), 59. Merchant, K. (2012). How men and women differ: Gender differences in communication styles, influence tactics, and leadership styles. Moriano, J. A., Molero, F., Topa, G., Mangin, J. P. L. (2014). The influence of transformational leadership and organizational identification on intrapreneurship.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,10(1), 103-119. Mller, R., Geraldi, J., Turner, J. R. (2012). Relationships between leadership and success in different types of project complexities.IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,59(1), 77-90. Ng, E. S., Sears, G. J. (2012). CEO leadership styles and the implementation of organizational diversity practices: Moderating effects of social values and age.Journal of Business Ethics,105(1), 41-52. Suanj, Z., Jakopec, A. (2012). Fairness perceptions and job satisfaction as mediators of the relationship between leadership style and organizational commitment.Psihologijske teme,21(3), 509-526. Zhu, W., Newman, A., Miao, Q., Hooke, A. (2013). Revisiting the mediating role of trust in transformational leadership effects: Do different types of trust make a difference?.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), 94-105.

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Executive Action Versus Presidential Orders

Executive Action Versus Presidential Orders The use of executive actions by the president of the United States came under intense scrutiny during Barack Obamas two terms in office. But many critics misunderstood the definition of executive actions and the difference with legally binding executive orders.   Obama issued  dozens of executive actions designed to prevent gun violence in January 2016, fulfilling one of his primary agenda items. Many of the media reports mistakenly described the policy proposals as official executive orders, which are legally binding directives from the president to federal administrative agencies. The Obama administration, however, described the proposals as executive actions. And those executive actions- ranging from universal background checks on anyone trying to buy guns, restoring a ban on military-style assault weapons, and cracking down on straw purchases of guns by people whose intention is to resell them to criminals- carried none of the weight executive orders carry. The following explains what executive actions are and how they compare to executive orders. Executive Actions Versus Executive Orders Executive actions are any informal proposals or moves by the president. The term executive action itself is vague and can be used to describe almost anything the president calls on Congress or his administration to do. But many  executive actions carry no legal weight. Those that do actually set policy can be invalidated by the courts or undone by legislation passed by Congress. The terms executive action and executive order are not interchangeable. Executive orders are legally binding and published in the Federal Register, though they also can be reversed by the courts and Congress. A good way to think of executive actions is a wish list of policies the president would like to see enacted. When Executive Actions Are Used Instead of Executive Orders Presidents favor the use of nonbinding executive actions when the issue is controversial or sensitive. For example, Obama carefully weighed his use of executive actions on gun violence and decided against issuing legal mandates via executive orders, which would have gone against the legislative intent of Congress and risked enraging lawmakers of both parties. Executive Actions Versus Executive Memoranda Executive actions are also different from executive memoranda. Executive memoranda are similar to executive orders in that they carry legal weight  allowing the president to direct government officials and agencies. But executive memoranda are typically not published in the Federal Register unless the president determines the rules have general applicability and legal effect. Use of Executive Actions by Other Presidents Obama was the first modern president to use executive actions in lieu of executive orders or executive memoranda. Criticism of Executive Actions Critics described Obamas use of executive actions as an overreach of his presidential powers and an unconstitutional attempt to bypass the legislative branch of government, even though the most substantial of the executive actions carried no legal weight. Some conservatives described Obama as a dictator or tyrant and said he was acting imperial. U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio, a Republican from Florida who was a  presidential candidate in the 2016 election, said Obama was abusing his power by imposing his policies via executive fiat instead of allowing them to be debated in Congress. Republican National Committee Chairman and former White House Chief of Staff for President Donald Trump, Reince Priebus, called Obamas use of executive actions as an executive power grab. Said Priebus: He paid lip service to our fundamental constitutional rights, but took actions that disregard the 2nd Amendment and the legislative process. Representative government is meant to give voice to the people; President Obama’s unilateral executive action ignores this principle. But even the Obama White House acknowledged that most of the executive actions carried no legal weight. Heres what the administration said at the time the 23 executive actions were proposed: While President Obama will sign 23 Executive Actions today that will help keep our kids safe, he was clear that he cannot and should not act alone: The most important changes depend on Congressional action.

Business Ethics in Ford Motor Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business Ethics in Ford Motor Company - Essay Example The ethical issue in discussion will be ignoring customer complaints. Ford Motor Company is an American automaker based in Detroit Michigan. The multinational. The company was incorporated in 1903. It was founded by Henry ford. It sells most of its commercial brands and automobiles under the â€Å"Ford† brand and sells its luxury vehicles under the brand â€Å"Lincoln.† Preceded by General Motors, Ford in currently ranked as the second largest auto maker in the U.S. Though the company adheres to most of its ethical code, it has been found to ignore some. Birsch (1994) states that one such case and point is the infamous â€Å"Ford Pinto Case.† The company has also faced other cases including a class action law suit for racial discrimination in 2006. This is according to Ferrellet al (2013). In more recent times, Ford Motor Company has been accused of not paying attention to customer complains. This seems to be a weakness in the company’s ethics as it is ign oring customer complaints that led to the Ford Pinto case. This is according to Birsch (1994). Many are of the opinion that the company is in dire straits and is willing to sacrifice its customers so as to save itself. Many people claim to have for example given numerous complaints about the Ford F-150 King Ranch. A car which they say has many problems. Local dealerships have turned a deaf ear to this and so has the manufacturer. Customers claim that it is universal practice for Ford to deny that a problem exists until ones warranty expires. This behavior by the manufacturer has led owners of recent ford models to lose confidence in their vehicles. Problems have also been found in the Ford Ranger. Problems with their vehicles range from minor to quite dangerous. There have been reports of Ford Ranger XLT brakes failing to work when it’s raining. Such a problem could prove disastrous.

Managing Human Error in Aviation Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Human Error in Aviation - Article Example A co-pilot who always cedes to the judgment of the pilot hurts the team because no redundancy checks exist. The author attempts to review these errors which lead to disasters and create solutions to the problems. The article cites the 1978 United Airlines crash where the pilot focused on the landing gear warning light and not the low fuel indicator. Although the co-pilot warned of the fuel problem, he was not emphatic enough. The jet crashed, not because of a faulty warning light, but because the two pilots failed to act as an effective team. As a team, they stayed focused on the imagined landing gear problem. The second citation is the 1982 Air Florida crash in Washington, DC. Again, the copilot was uncomfortable with the aircraft’s performance, in this case, airspeed indicators; but again, the co-pilot failed to adequately state his concern. The jetliner crashed into the Potomac River. This crash pointed to the importance of collaboration rather than a chain of command.   One suggested a technological solution is smart computers. When these devices were tried in the flight simulators, oftentimes the pilot would concentrate on programming the computer rather than fly the aircraft in crowded airspace. The better solution was to turn off the computer and fly â€Å"stick and rudder† so the attention was on the airspace and other traffic. Crew Resource Management (CRM) resolves these issues to some extent. CRM dissects the cultural, societal and company, psychological and social human factors in communications and decision making. A more collaborative management ensues from this training. All crew members can speak out on safety issues. One study showed an Asian based airline’s pilots considered the chain of command to take precedence over safety. The net result is training teams, rather than leaders and followers.

Concepts Of Leadership And Management Assignment

Concepts Of Leadership And Management Assignment 1.0 Introduction Leadership and management practices are useful to individuals success and that of our organisation. For the benefit of this training programme which is to improve leadership and management in the organisation, this material will equip us on ways to obtain professional information on leadership and management and serve as a self-study exercise for us to have knowledge of basic management and leadership skills which can be applied at various departments in our organisation. It will also make us understand the theories of leadership and management, how to improve motivation and performance through the application of relevant leadership skills and the development and effectiveness of teams. At the end of the training programme, I expect us to see leadership and management skills and practices as a tool of driving the organisation to further development and success. 1.1 Analysis of the concepts of leadership and management Leadership can be defined as a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organisation in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader. Good leaders are developing through a never ending process of self-study, education, training and experience. While leadership is learned, the skills and knowledge possess by the leaders can be influenced by his or hers attributes or traits such as beliefs, values, ethics and characters. To inspire someone working under us into higher ground of teamwork, there are certain things we must be, know and do. These do not come naturally, but are acquired through continual work practices. Good leaders are continually working and studying to improve the leadership skills in them. Directors of banks do set-up sales target for each of the branches at the beginning of financial year and new products are normally added to the services of the organisation. This shows that goals and objectives have been put in place for followers to work towards. Through this, the sales will be improved and new customers will join the service of the bank considering the new products introduced by the leadership teams. Managers are important group involved in business activity. We normally believe that managers are responsible for getting things done usually through other people. When job roles are giving to us, our respective line managers normally help us in achieving this either through supervision or working together with us. The term manager may refer to a number of different people within a business. Some job titles include the word manager, such as personal manager. Other job holders may also be managers even though their titles do not say it. Managers act on behalf of the owners of a company which is leader. They are accountable for the activities of the company either to the director or shareholders, set objectives for the organisation; make sure the business achieves its objectives, by managing others and ensure that corporate values are maintained in dealing with other business, customers, employees and the general public. It is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired go als and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. As a manager in one of the branches, a lot of means will be laid down to achieve the target that has been put in place by the leader such as help (conference/lecture or training) to make other staffs see the big picture of how they are fitted into the plan and achieving it. Management texts contain leadership. Actually, leadership is an important function of management and it is mentioned as one of the five functions of management (Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Leading or Directing and Control). Both roles are very much tied to human interactions and thus personalities and traits are essential requirements. Also, leadership and management exists at every level of management, however, the amount of each varies according to the management hierarchy. For example, the board of this organisation has more of a leadership task which is to provide vision to the company and plan to achieve it, while the head of any department rarely goes beyond determining what the next task should be. Leadership and management task within the organisation depends upon how much it allows for leadership in a particular role? As we all know, our organisation was established to provide effective, efficient and affordable health care delivery services to the people in this locality and beyond. The location also positioned it to become a notable centre for the treatment of accident victims. Also, our objectives include making provision for: A full range of hospital and specialist services to the community; clinical facilities for the education of medical and other students; facilities for medical research etc. For, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital to grow and remain healthy, we have to know some elementary skills of management and leadership-skills that will assist us to avoid the crisis situation where we need to do whatsoever that will make us excel in all our services. These elementary skills of management and leadership consist problem solving and decision making, planning, meeting management, delegation, communications and managing ourselves. These basic skills are also fundamental from which to develop more advanced practices in management and leadership. Whenever organisations leaders struggle, its often because they do not know the basics – not because they arent doing what they supposed to do in implementing basic practices in management and leadership. Knowledge and skills contributes directly to the process of leadership and management while other attributes give the leader and manager certain qualities that make them different. Skills, knowledge and attributes make the leader or manager, which is one of the factors of leadership and management. The leadership and management process of an organisation involves-developing a vision for the organisation; aligning people with that vision through communication; and motivating people to action through empowerment and through basic need fulfilment. The leadership process creates uncertainty and change in the organisation. In contrast, the management process involves-planning and budgeting; organizing and staffing; and controlling and problem solving. The management process reduces uncertainty and stabilizes the organisation. Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard give better explanation of the difference between leadership and management. Leadership is not a concept exclusive to or within management. It is a broader concept on its own. Management is thought of as a special kind of leadership in which the accomplishment of organisational goals is paramount. Leadership is influencing the behaviour of someone. Management is planning an objective and achieving that objective. Leadership requires a follower and a leader has to figure out how to influence the follower. Manager has to figure out an objective and theoretically, he may do the job himself and manage the objective. Managers have large number of people under them and they have to lead them to do the work assigned them as part of the organisations plan to achieve the objectives while one can accept leadership as a concept which has utility as a concept separate from management. 1.2 Evaluation of the key management and leadership theories Management and leadership theories focus on what qualities distinguish between leaders and followers in an organisation. For instance, development of the plan for our organisation started with a leadership and management retreat. The aims were to engender a harmonious industrial climate through inter-union, inter-association, inter-staff, and staff association-management interaction and to provide a forum for the leaders and managers to deliberate and proffer advice on pertinent issues of management to enable us move the institution forward. Participants were the Chairman, Board of Management, the Chief Medical Director and other members of staffs. There were lecture, workshop and group activities. The objectives were with the full realization because the staffs are not ignorant and fully participated. This practice looked at variables such as situational factor and skill levels. The participative style of leadership explained by Rensis Likart theories of leadership which encourages decision making by subordinates and their leadership style that involves employee-centred leader were employed. Our organisation also used Blake and Mouton theories of leadership that explained the degree to which a leader considers the needs of team members, their interest, and area of personal development, emphasises objectives, organisational work output and great productivity when deciding the best ways to accomplish a task. This plan would have been carried out without considering various union/staffs relations by our leaders/managers thereby having different management and leadership styles/theories differs from that stated above. 1.3 Assessment of the challenges of leadership and management practices We are usually faced by some challenges such as low level of funding; recruitment exercise; opening of new hospital offices/complex; social policy directives; and developments in ICT. Our leaders and managers have the ability to sense change and respond to it effectively. They have been able to predict a decline of health care delivery services due lack of a new technique being available in other hospitals; anticipate possible solutions to changes that may affect the organisation; have a clear vision of the main objectives of the organisation during periods of change and be able to guide the organisation to achieve these; organise and motivate employees to accept challenges and ensure stability and minimise or prevent disruption. For example, there were challenges of delivering adequate health care services to the people of the community some years back, the leaders and the managers quickly identified the symptoms that have caused these challenges. Among these were low productivity and high labour turnover. As soon as these challenges were identified, managers and leaders found the cause of the trouble and developed a strategy for better status of the organisation. Strategies they employed for good status of the organisation include changing people-through hiring and firing, reassignments of duties, training, pay increases or counselling. They also carried out restructure work through job redesign, job enrichment and redefinition of roles. Systems were also improved. These include communication systems, reward systems, information and reporting systems, budgets and stock control. 2.1 Analysis of the key motivational theories and how they influence organisational success It is important for any organisation to motivate its employees. The motivational theories of Maslow, McGregor, McClelland and Herzberg explain content theories of motivation. They simply explained the specific factors that motivate people. They answer the question what drives behaviour? Also, Vroom, Porter and Lawler, and Adams explain process theories of motivation. They are concerned with the thought processes that influence behaviour. If employees are watched closely, fear of wage cuts or redundancy may force them to maintain their effort even though they are not motivated. This is negative motivation. A lack of motivation may lead to reduced effort and lack of commitment. In the long run, a lack of motivation may result in high levels of absenteeism, industrial disputes and falling productivity and profit for the organisation. Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital management has been acting according to Fredrick Herzbergs theory of motivation by being giving recognition for effort o f its staff. We are normally taking into consideration in everything the management of this organisation embark upon! This is a kind of motivation that simply gives us job satisfaction and thereby makes the workers more productive. Herzbergs ideas are linked with job enrichment. This is where workers have their jobs expanded, so that they can experience more of their job process. Improved maintenance factors such as pay or conditions also remove dissatisfaction of staffs. For example, better canteen facilities within our organization make workers less dissatisfied about the environment. All these allow the workers to be more involved and motivated. 2.2 Evaluation of the role of leadership and management in employee motivation It is important for leaders and managers to find out what satisfies the needs of its employees? Organisations have found out that even if employees are satisfied with pay and condition of work, they still complain that their employer does not do a good job in motivating them. Motivation is vital because even at the most fundamental level, it is expensive to get another set of staff than that to keep existing one. Employees want to be involved and regarded and making them happy means they will be at service of the organisation for longer period. Have it in mind that at most not convenient time, leader and manager need to motivate staff. If our employees are doing well and assisting to drive the organisation forward, In this case, we do let them know how much we cherish them on regular basis. Whenever we offer them any gifts or passed any information that is of their advantage across both works equally well. This shows, we put them in mind. If our staffs enjoy socializing with us like they do working with us, then we are doing something good and right. It is important that you lead by good characters when there is an issue with staff, if you expect your employees to work late, then you should stay at work too for such period. At the same time, if you dont want staff coming in at 10am on first working day of the week, then make sure youre at work very early. Its not always about hours of working; show your staff respect and you will hopefully get it back. They will observe you on the way you discus with people around and act in same circumstances, so it is important to behave in the way you will like them to behave as well. Investing in employee is paramount, not only will it mean we are getting the best and latest in the organisation but they will appreciate us for being able to develop under our cares. We make sure we fully research courses to send our employee on to acquire the full training. It is equally good to get feedback from employee on how the course has improved their standard individually. Communicating with our employee is high on our list of priorities. Most of them like a leader or manager they can easily reach whenever there are problems. We do hold frequent job discussion with our employee to make sure they are most happy, doing on good and arent confused about anything. Apart from this, we do communicate with our employee everyday. Exchanging greetings are simple motivational techniques but can make a world of difference. The figure below explains how our leaders and managers make decisions for employees motivation, having first identified the employees needs. Revise Incentive Identify the need/ motivation motivation Result/ Outcome Satisfaction If need is not satisfied Identify the need/motivation – our organisation try as much as possible for employee to be involved in decisions so that they can feel wanted and recognised as important to the company Incentive – Set up discussion with employees about goals and working practices of the organisation Satisfaction – This is a situation where the employee feels their opinion and contribution is valuable Result and Outcome – By meeting above condition, the employee are willing to take more responsibility 2.3 Analysis of the contribution of performance management techniques as organisational processes Managers use performance management techniques to test employees working status on a regular basis. By examining each employees performance, our organisation also measures the overall effectiveness of its workforce and how well the company achieves its objectives. Assigning roles to workers that improve their strengths is a difficult job. Workforce optimisation is a plan to put the right people in the best job roles to maximize their work output. By doing regular appraisals, our leaders and managers easily track employees performance and suggest if they need more training or if they could be more productive with different responsibilities. Another performance management technique we usually employ is compensation package. Overall morale always increase most especially when the employee sees the process to be fair. A happy worker is a hard worker. Incentive-based programs that permit the employee in using less paper or being energy efficient both save on our expenses and the employees are rewarded for putting forth the extra energy needed. The fewer costs our organisation has, the more profit it realizes. 3.1 Analysis of the development of teams Organisations often try to improve the productivity and motivation of people working in groups/teams. The planned, systematic process designed to improve the efforts of people who work together to achieve goals is referred to as development of teams. Team can be described as an internally organized set of people with specific roles for different members to achieve a specific goal while group can be referred to as a collection of people with something in common, such as being in the same place or having their individuals interest. Meredith Belbin (1981) found that successful teams consisted of a mix of individuals, each of whom performed a different role. For instance, monitoring and evaluation team that was set up under the chief medical directors office is a kind of team of different calibers and positions within our organisation. They work on projects with specific term of reference and present biannual and annual reports with veritable indices to the leadership of this organisation. This is not like working in a group; working in a team entails accountability rather than individual accountability and results in a joint work products. The characteristic and goals of the individual members of the team helped to determine the teams characteristics and goals. .According to Belbin, each person has a preferred role and for a team to be effective, all the roles need to be filled. Our organisation selects people that are capable to fill one or more of the roles. Individual member of the team was influenced more st rongly because of their role. This is unlike group with large number of people where very few people take part in the project while others are not and unable to participate effectively in team decisions. Effectiveness of team depend s on the blend of the individual skills and abilities of its members. Team development is based on the idea that before organisations can improve performance, team members must be able to work together effectively. This exercise is used to help team members develop trust, open up communication channels, make sure everyone understood the goals of the team, help individuals make decisions with the commitment of all members, prevent the leader from dominating the team, openly examine and resolve conflicts and to review work activities. 3.2 Analysis of the roles and models of team leadership Leadership of teams must get members of team to work with each other. This is one method that involves low levels of risk among members. The role of team leader include to be able able to organise joint projects or some form of exchange between members of the team. The leaders of the team work together or exchange roles with members for this approach to be effective. This is one method that involves low levels of risk among members. The working spirit was further developed by communication and swapping of team members. This technique was used when our organisation took over the challenges of training medical students from another medical institution and there is a need to avoid conflict. These ideas develop social interaction among the employees. Keeping every single activity connected to the others help team leaders and organisation to achieve what they actually planed. Members are enjoying while performing their roles and are also discovering something new about themselves, their co-workers, and the organisation as a whole. Researching and learning about the team current issues definitely help team leaders in creating the actual activities that the members can participate-in. This affords lapses of any kind for members not to participate in the activities of the team. 3.3 Evaluation of the role and usefulness of teams within the organisation The leader of any team of an organisation aims to create team/group that is effective and efficient. If the team leader or organisation can motivate the team members to work harder in order to achieve goals, the sense of pride in the teams own competence will create job satisfaction for the leadership of the team/team members and employees in general. Looking at the opportunities given to the employees of our organisation and most especially in most units or teams that has so far set- up, the participants are willing to carry out responsibilities for the betterment of the organisation. In some instance, membership of units or teams can be made up of top officials of an organisation which may not interest ordinary employees of the organisation. The introduction of different units or teams in our organisation has contributed immensely for the achievement of our goals and objectives. In term of motivation, employees in team situations are more satisfied and motivated than when we are working under more traditional regimes and have a positive influence on employee commitment and identification. The team work also serves to gain competitive advantage over other organisations. Our organisations provide leaders and managers with legitimate authority to lead. There is need for individuals to imbibe this strong leadership and management trait for optimal effectiveness. In nowadays changing work environment, we need leaders that can challenge the status quo and inspire and persuade organisation members. We also need team leaders to assist in changing and improving a smoothly running place of work.

New Invention

It is recommended that every person should consume eight glasses of water a day. For this project, we are given the ability to create anything we wanted with the simple request that we highlight the affects it would have. If I could create anything in the world, I would pawn the invention of a machine that had the capability to filter and cleanse any scale of water at any given moment immediately. Now many people will say that I should create something beneficial to myself, such as a time machine, or a teleportation device of some sort. But one of the major benefits of this machine is that not only does it benefit every person individually, but it benefits our entire world on a grander scale. One of the key elements that this machine can do, is it can cleanse and purify any amount of water, meaning, it will be able to filter masses of water such as beaches and rivers. Due to the fact that the Earth’s surface is compromised of seventy percent water, many people lack to realize that water is such a key component in our lives. The human body can live without food for a month, but can only survive without water for a week. Now this machine will benefit the individual on personal scale by allowing every person to have safe, consumable water regardless of their location. In public places, there are opportunities to drink water from water fountains. But the cleanliness of the water coming from these drinking fountains is typically a concern that many people have. When people swim for hours at a time, they become dehydrated craving water. But the consumption of chlorine-infested water or beach water is never known to be safe for anyone. Now with the ultimate water purifying machine, water can be easily accessible for anyone at anytime. Thus, this supports the hydrating of everyone as well as the steady inclination of water consumption. The United States utilizes about three-hundred and forty six million gallons of fresh water every day. Fortunately for our nation, there isn’t a dire need for clean water. But with the amount of oils spills, pollution of air, these accumulations of events have brought our nation to an urgent call for the cleansing and purifying of our water. Fortunately for our nation, the United States utilizes eighty percent of its water for irrigation and thermoelectric power. But with this invention, we can further the beneficial and positive uses that our nation utilizes water for. With this invention, we can purify the surrounding water bodies so that our wildlife in the ocean can resist fatality from pollution of our waters such as oil spills and toxic wastes. This invention can also eliminate water-borne illnesses that spread in public water arenas such as swimming pools, lakes, and beaches. Following the elimination of oil spills, toxic waste dumps, and other negative impact happenings from the United States, this prevents them from spreading to other areas of the Earth as well as preserving the oceanic animal lives. On a worldwide scale, more than one billion people lack a reliable source providing safe, drinking water. Unfortunately, our world lacks the resources to supply the huge demand and need for water. As much as eighty percent of our world’s illnesses derived from water-borne illnesses. In poverty-stricken areas, the consumption of dirty water or even lack of water to consume is fairly common. With this invention, the placement of this machine in poverty-stricken areas will purify the waters, supply the needy with clean and consumable water, and lead those nations away from hunger. Evidently, an invention that revolves around the cleansing and purifying of water bodies is a major benefit personally, towards our nation, and in the grander scheme, towards our entire world. A machine that could potentially supply those in need with clean water for their consumption, that could cleanse the polluted waters, and that could make a major push towards a healthy dosage of water consumption, could very well result in a life-changing move. This invention will provide a means of consumable water at any place, reassured of its cleanliness and pure quality. This invention will support our wildlife in the ocean by ridding the oceans and bodies of water in our nation, of its toxic wastes and spills that threaten their lives. This invention will eliminate the water deprived bodies of the poor, providing them with clean water, and aiding them in drinking water to rid their bodies of diseases and deficiencies. Clearly, the invention of this machine will aid our nation in a push for a better world.

Christian Worldview Reflection Essay

In the book, Be thou my vision: Pursuing God’s perspective in a pluralistic world it states , â€Å"provides life events and experiences that deposit eternal truths in our minds and lives, and make room for intimacy with Christ†. When I read this phrase it picked up my attention right away because I am a true believer that God always help us and never is going to leave us alone but, at the same time, I believe it is our job to be smart and choose the best choice. When I was 18 years old, God opened a door so I came to United States to play Soccer and to get a scholarship. Before that opportunity, I was not very close from Christ and never went to church and read the bible very often. Being here, I meet great people, the family that I stay with help me to get closer to God and I started going every Sunday to church and reading the bible more often. Since that moment, God is more present in my life and working through my life showing me His intimate love. With Christ being in my heart, my life has grown stronger and I try to follow His way the best that I can. The NIV of Proverbs 3:5-6 states, â€Å"Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; acknowledge Him and He will make you path straight.† I believe that choosing that opportunity changed my life. I’m glad to be here and I am very grateful to God for giving me so good opportunities in my life. Now, it just depends on me to be successful in what I want and follow his word to be better follower of Christ

Cancer - 973 Words

Rough Draft University Composition and Communications ll Stephanie Marschner One of the most famous testicular cancer survivors said, â€Å"Pain is temporary, quitting last forever!† –Lance Armstrong Cancer remains the second most common cause of death in the US, accounting for nearly 1 of every 4 deaths. Is being diagnosed with testicular cancer, a death sentence? Testicular cancer is not common; a man’s lifetime risk of getting it is about 1 in 270. The risk of dying from this cancer is about 1 in 5,000. Every year, in the U.S., an estimated 8500 men are diagnosed with testicular cancer and about 350 die from the disease. That averages to every hour of every day some man hears,† You have testicular cancer.† (Testicular†¦show more content†¦According to the American Cancer Society, the survival rates are 96 percent regionally. (SEER) data base 2003-2009. Are you a man? Then self-exam. Regular self-examination is so important and many times self-exam discoveries of specific changes lead to the early detection of testicular cancer, not by doctors, but by those who regularly look for lumps, or enlarged or hardening of the testicles. This early detection is paramount to the survival rate and for those who catch this type of cancer early will see a 95 percent survival rate from testicular cancer. However, it is important to seek medical attention immediately, if there are any uncertain questions, concerning any changes to the testicles. (National Cancer Institute) 2014 Why don’t men go to the doctor? This question has been around since Adam first ate the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden. I am not sure if the answer will ever be discovered, however it is certain that those men who regularly self-examine themselves, have a greater chance of early testicular detection, than those who do not. Is being diagnosed with testicular cancer a death sentence? It could be for those who ignore the warning signs. Despite the fact that cancer remains the second most common cause of death in the US., testicular cancer survival rates remain at 95 percent, with early detection and proper treatment. This means that personal self-examination and annual doctors visits could raise yourShow MoreRelatedCancer : Cancer And Cancer1673 Words   |  7 PagesCancer Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases in 2012.2 The amount of new cases is expected to rise by about 70% over the next 2 decades. Cancer which causes nearly 1 in 6 deaths, is the second leading cause of death globally, and was responsible for 8.8 million deaths in 2015. Approximately 70% of deaths from cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries. In 2012 about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globallyRead MoreCancer And Cancer1309 Words   |  6 Pagesmanuscript was indicating how a particular gene is connected to how tumors/cancer are suppressed and how tumors/cancer also grow and multiply. When the codon is manipulated and mutated, the point in which the codon becomes altered, or the point in which the p53 gene is stimulated, forms reactions that may be harmful or can be non-threatening. The reaction that could be harmful could generate destruction to the gene and therefore form cancer. A non -threatening reaction may cause a reconstruction in the mutationRead MoreOvarian Cancer : Cancer And Cancer988 Words   |  4 Pages Ovarian cancer is a disease in which malignant or cancerous cells are found in the ovaries. The ovaries are two small organs that are located on each side of the uterus. The way cancer develops is when cells begin to grow out of control. Cancer cells are different from normal cells because they continue to grow and instead of dying, they create abnormal cells that form into a tumor. Woman around age 35-74, ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of death. The earlier this cancer is treated theRead MoreCancer : Cancer And Cancer1998 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract In women, one of the most common cancers of course is breast cancer, in men prostate cancer and in men and women, lung cancer and colon cancer are common cancers. It is important to understand that the cancer that occurs in one individual is very different from the cancer that occurs in another. Everyone is different; a lung tumor in one person will be different from a lung tumor in another person. Once a diagnosis of cancer is made, the next obvious question is what do you do? ThereRead MoreCancer And Cancer705 Words   |  3 PagesI would refer a family friend or colleague to the American Cancer Society (ACS) website where a huge selection of support programs is offered throughout treatment and recovery (ACS, 2017c). There is an entire section dedicated to assisting with finding resources in whatever area someone is in or near and different programs from which to choose (ACS, 2017c). Visitors of the website can also filter their search based on an array of different choices ra nging from, but not limited to, advocacy, assistanceRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1341 Words   |  6 PagesWhat I chose to research on my cancer project was breast cancer, since breast cancer is one of the second deadliest cancers among women I felt like I should research into this topic more in-depth. Anyone, no matter male or female, we are born with some breast cells and tissue. Even though males do not develop milk-producing breasts, a man s breast cells and tissue can still develop cancer. Male breast cancer is very rare, yet more fatale because they are less likely to assume the lump is possiblyRead MoreOvarian Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1577 Words   |  7 PagesOvarian cancer is also one of the cancer that is affecting millions of women in today’s world. The previous researches were claiming that ovarian cancer comes from ovary cells. However, studies have found that ovarian cancer could be coming from fallopian tube. Dr. Burdette’s lab researched how fallopian tube can be contributing to ovarian cancer, and her research shows strong evidence of how does it occurs. It is very important to find a cure for ovarian cancer, otherwise deaths due to ovarian cancerRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1115 Words   |  5 Pagesaround the world develops the most common disease called Breast Cancer. In the United States, about 200,000 women suffer from this disease and it causes more than 40,000 death each year. Breast cancer is a cancer cell (malignant tumor) that forms in the breast. The cancerous cells grow in the breast and then invade the healthy cells and the surrounding tissues of the breast and it can also spread into other parts of the body. Breast cancer is more common in women but men can also get it too. One of theRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer896 Words   |  4 PagesBefore going in depth, let us first define what breast cancer is. According to the National Breast Cancer.Org â€Å"Cancer is a broad ter m for a class of diseases characterized by abnormal cells that grow and invade healthy cells in the body. Breast cancer starts in the cells of the breast as a group of cancer cells that can then invade surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to other areas of the body.† Cancer begins in the cells which are the basic building blocks that make up tissue. Tissue isRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1831 Words   |  8 PagesBreast Cancer Studies shows men are diagnosed with breast cancer contrary to the perception that this disease is solely diagnose in women. What is breast cancer in men? Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts from cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that may grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread metastasize to distance of the body (Article 1).Women Manly have breast cancer but men can get it also. Some people doesn’t realize that men have breast tissues