Software Piracy beyond the Street Corner Essay -- Technology Lawsuits

Programming Piracy past the Street Corner On January 23, 2003, the world’s driving PC organizing gear producer Cisco Systems, headquartered in San Jose California, recorded a claim against China-based Huawei Technologies and its United States auxiliaries Huawei America and FutureWei Technologies. In the claim, Cisco asserted that Huawei took protected innovation by replicating its Internet Operating System (IOS) programming and its copyrighted client manuals. Cisco likewise guaranteed that Huawei encroached on its licenses. After various bombed endeavors to determine these grievances straightforwardly with Huawei, which incorporated a stop this instant letter to one of Huawei’s United Kingdom merchants, Cisco concluded that a claim was important to secure the organization and its shareholder’s advantages. The claim was handled through United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. This paper will give a review of this milestone case and examine whether each organization had an alternate perspective on morals that started from contrasting social points of view. I. Case Background Cisco Systems’ 77 page grumbling recorded in the United States District Court for the Easter District of Texas requested a preliminary by jury in light of Huawei’s misappropriation and protected innovation encroachment in the advancement of its contending Quidway switches. One of Huawei’s United States based entirely claimed auxiliary, FutureWei, is situated in Plano, Texas; the other auxiliary Huawei America is situated in California’s Silicon Valley, close by Cisco Systems’ base camp. The China-based parent organization is a multi-billion dollar company that has fabricated system and broadcast communications hardware since 1988. Huawei showcased its Quidway switch... ... â€Å"Huawei: Cisco Code is Gone,† April 15, 2003, http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=31253 [3] â€Å"Cisco Wins Huawei Injunction,† June 9, 2003, http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=35058 [4] â€Å"Managing in the Multicultural Environment†, Charis Intercultural Training Corporation, 2004. [5] â€Å"Differences of Opinion: The Cisco-Huawei Lawsuit†, The Hoffman Agency, China High Tech PR Newsletter, http://www.chinahightechpr.com/fullArticle.cfm?code=284 [6] â€Å"WTO Ministerial Conference Approves China’s Accession†, November 10, 2001 Press Release, http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres01_e/pr252_e.htm [7] The United States and China: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Protection, http://usinfo.state.gov/provincial/ea/iprcn/ [8] Baase, S.; A Gift of Fire, second version, Prentice Hall, 2003. Banners got from http://www.enchantedlearning.com

Communication Encourages Learning Essay -- Education Teaching Papers

Correspondence Encourages Learning The homeroom should be an open gathering wherein understudies and educators are permitted and urged to impart insights and encounters. At the point when this correspondence separates the learning condition additionally comes up short. I was in the main evaluation and one of the understudies in our group was attempting to express something to the instructor. Clearly this was not a genuine animating discussion as we were just in the primary evaluation. At the point when the understudy began talking the instructor got aggravated and advised the understudy to quit talking. The understudy attempted again to express something to the educator, now the instructor went ballistic shouting and shouting for the class to be very and not talk. This educator continued to put the understudy in the corner to rebuff her, when the understudy again attempted to express something to the instructor, the educator attached her to her seat and requested everybody in the space to remain quiet. Watching this s howcase enormously affected all the individuals in that room. We as understudies felt that we didn't have anything of significant worth to state, and along these lines ought not make some noise. We additionally took in a dread of responses that may drop by communicating what we needed to state. Luckily since this experience I have not experienced another such instructor, and have had educators who have made a special effort to empower class conversation. I think it is additionally significant for educators to know about the games understudies are playing. My sister and I can both was in grade school and playing game like the rancher and the dell, in this game children remain around and one understudy calls different understudies into the hover to be a section in the melody. The issue with this is the children who are very or timid will in general get left out, and ... ...icate is in the homeroom, where they invest the vast majority of their energy. On the off chance that individuals can speak with one another, and have an understanding that not every person will concur, at that point they will be considerably more beneficial throughout everyday life. They will have the option to express what is on their mind while simultaneously hearing another perspective. This ability is basic to endurance in our developing and evolving society. WORKS CITED Cheney, Lynne V. PC: Alive and Entrenched. The Presence of Others. Comp. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruskiewicz. New York: St. Martins, 1997 112-123. Snares, Bell. Keeping Close to Home: Class and Education. The Presence of Others. Comp Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruskiewicz. New York: St. Martins, 1997 85-96. Rose, Mike. Lives on the Boundary. The Presence of Others. Comp. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruskiewicz. New York: St. Martins, 1997 97-111

Quick Fixes for Common Legal Writing Mistakes

Quick Fixes for Common Legal Writing Mistakes Lets face it: legal writing is difficult. However, there are many quick fixes that can help you to establish a clear, understandable style. Below are my top 20 tips for improving your legal writing.Defined terms should be consistent. If you tag Bill Smith as the Plaintiff, call him the Plaintiff throughout the entire document, not Mr. Brown, Brown, Billy or whatever other name you think will spice up your brief.If you label something A, there must be a B. If used correctly, headings are a great way to organize your brief and give the reader an overall picture of your argument. Headings and subheading should preview each section of legal text. Further, they should be similar in content, grammar and placement.Avoid conclusory language. A conclusion, standing alone, will not persuade your reader. To build a persuasive argument, you must cite to the specific facts and legal authorities that support your conclusion. You cannot simply tell the reader that the Defendant was clearly negligen t. Rather, you must provide the reader with the facts and reasons necessary for him to conclude that the Defendant was indeed negligent.Avoid superfluous language and use plain English. Although every legal education includes the mastering legal terms, part of becoming an effective legal writer is shedding the archaic, the legalese, and the Latin. Too often, those legal words do nothing but make the text sound like a lawyer wrote it. Usually, there are many more effective, reader friendly alternatives that say the same thing. A good rule of thumb is to use legal words correctly but sparingly, and only when necessary.Avoid colloquialism. Legal writing is formal writing. Therefore, you cannot simply write how you might talk in ever day, casual conversation. Most importantly, slang should always be avoided. For example, it would be inappropriate to write, Mr. Brown kicked the bucket on X date. You should simply write, Mr. Brown died on X date.Avoid being catty, snide or sarcastic. It m akes you look childish, immature and unprofessional. It does not add anything to your legal argument. Moreover, judges despise it!Ensure dates, names and amounts are consistent. This simply requires careful attention to detail. I suggest reading through your draft and checking that all of the names are consistent, i.e. you have not started referring to James Smith as Jim Smith halfway through the brief. Next, check that your dates are accurate and in chronological order, if applicable. Finally, double-check any monetary amounts, paying special attention to any parenthetical numerical amounts and their corresponding written amounts.Triple check references to exhibits and affidavits. As with the above, this is primarily an exercise in proofreading and organization. Although it is often tedious, it can prevent embarrassment down the road. You do not want the judge to have to look through all of your exhibits because you mistakenly referred to the demand letter as Exhibit A when it is r eally Exhibit C.Commas and periods go inside quotations. Commas and periods go inside quotes. Always. No exceptions. Quotation marks are used incorrectly in so much legalâ€"and non-legalâ€"writing that most people arent sure what is in fact correct. To further confuse writers, the opposite is true in British English!Beware of over-chronicling. Some dates are very important, but most are not. When the date of every event is listed, it is difficult for the reader to discern which, if any, are relevant to the merits of the case. So unless the exact date is important and should be remembered by the reader, leave it out.Show, don t tell! In your fact section, include concrete examples and citations to relevant documents. This is far more convincing than your opinion or characterization of the facts.Words like obviously and clearly hurt more than help your writing. If you have to emphasize your argument with these words, chances are your argument is not very strong is the first place. Alt hough it seems paradoxical, eliminating these words from your writing actually makes it stronger and enhances your credibility.Its means it is. Its means belonging to it. Enough said.Resist the temptation to use a large word when a small one will do. For example, in most situations, the word use is fine and the word utilize is a bit much.Be brief and to the point. You do not want the reader to be exhausted, physically or mentally, by the time he or she is done reading your brief. I have yet to put down a brief and say, I wish that had been longer, U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. has said.Always give the pinpoint page cite. Should you not give the pinpoint page cite, it suggests to the judge that you are either lazy or that you have accurately recited the holding of the case.Don t be bossy. Avoid telling the court what it must or cannot do. Instead, simply assert that the court should not hesitate to grant the relief your client seeks.The Bluebook is your friend. When it doubt as to a legal citation, look it up. The Bluebook is surprisingly user friendly. Never rely on the citations given in published opinions or by legal research tools, as they are not always correct.Save ample time for proofreading. Typographical mistakes, grammatical errors and incorrect citations can harm your credibility. Take the time to carefully proofread your document and do not simply rely on your word processor s spell and grammar check as they miss many errors. If possible, ask a friend or colleague to review the brief as well.Revise and rewrite, repeat as necessary. It often takes several drafts to attain the virtues of brevity and clarity. Even when you think you have arrived at the final product, take some time and then revisit the draft so you can better evaluate it with a fresh eye.There you have it. I hope my perspective helps you to refine your legal writing skill set. Like any discipline, it takes a lot of practice and trial-and-error, but with time you should be able to master these quick fixes.

The Door Of Ni Ankh Snefru Essay - 997 Words

Okirah Harris Artist Name (Unknown) Door of Ni-ankh-Snefru ca. 2321-2278 B.C.E. White Limestone From the great pyramids to notable rulers, Egypt has solidified its reputation as one of the most dominant civilizations of the Mediterranean world. Through the creation of monuments and artifacts emerges the true beauty and richness of Egypt’s history and art. The Door of Ni-ankh-Snefru embodies the depth of social and religious implications within Egyptian culture. The door was an important element to private tombs because it served as a passageway for the deceased soul to go from one world to the next. Doors like this were often inscribed with offering instructions, the name, and titles of its owner. Visitors would bring offerings to the private tomb to celebrate Ni-ankh-Snefru, who was a wine cellar and food storage overseer at the palace and a lector priest. The sculpture itself stands about five feet high, three feet wide, and is from the Old Kingdom during ca.2321 BCE. It is made of white limestone which gives it a grainy texture, but has traces of paint that give it a more even tone of an off-white or cream color. Typical of Egyptian art, the Door of Ni-ankh-Snefru is decorated with hieroglyphics and reliefs to frame the importance of the deceased, Ni-ankh-Snefru, and convey messages of administration, religion, and culture to its viewers. Egyptian hieroglyphics, typically depicted on scrolls, pottery, and stone, were regularly used to keep records for

Rhetorical Analysis Of O Connor s A Good Man Is Hard...

Adria Corral English 1302 MWF 8:00 A.M. Religion and Morality In â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, Flannery O’Connor uses grotesque and flawed characters to reflect her own faith on the Roman Catholic Church. Set in the rural South during the 1950s, O’Connor takes readers on a journey from a satiric family comedy to a brutal cold blooded murder. An analysis of O’Connor’s use of religious symbolism and foreshadowing through characters and setting will be conducted in order to better understand her views and faith of the Catholic Church. This paper will also argue the belief that religious wisdom is the key for moral guidance. In the beginning of the story, O’Connor uses subtle foreshadowing to indicate that enlightenment is near; the scenery in the story plays a crucial part in the family’s future. While driving through the country, the trees are described as â€Å"full of silver-white sunlight and the meanest of them sparkled.† (O’Connor 310). Where exactly is the family really driving to? O’Connor uses the trees as a possible symbol of the family’s road to heaven, as â€Å"silver-white sunlight† is something most people usually associate with grace or salvation. The grandmother experiences some sort of revelation right before her death insinuating she was saved, which is why the trees weren’t described as something more maleficent. The grandmother was in fact on her way to a sadistic death, but she was going to be cleansed by the Misfit, or God, allowing her to enter heaven. AnotherShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of O Connor s `` A Good Man Is Hard And Find ``892 Words   |  4 PagesA Good Man is Hard to Find and the Use of Foreshadowing The religious theme of achieving salvation is brought full circle in Flannery O’Connor’s, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, by the use of foreshadowing, with elements such as the town of Toomsboro, Georgia, passing a graveyard and the main character dressing as if she were attending a funeral. Although these elements may not be recognized the first time that the story is read, if one goes back over the story, there is a foreboding feeling as theseRead MoreThe Five Dysfunctions of a Team a Leadership Fable46009 Words   |  185 Pages01_960756_ffirs_16.qxd 1/13/06 8:57 AM Page iii The Five Dysfunctions of aTeam A L E A D E R S H I P FA B L E Patrick Lencioni 01_960756_ffirs_16.qxd 1/13/06 8:57 AM Page ii 01_960756_ffirs_16.qxd 1/13/06 8:57 AM Page i Also by Patrick Lencioni Leadership Fables The Five Temptations of a CEO The Four Obsessions of an Extraordinary Executive Death by Meeting Silos, Politics, and Turf Wars Field Guide Overcoming the Five Dysfunctions of a Team

Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

COPD is common worldwide contributes to major disablement every bit good as economic and societal load. More than 30 million Americans have COPD. Deaths from COPD numbered 118,774 in 2001. We will write a custom essay sample on Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It remain 4th taking cause of decease in united provinces. Over the past 20 old ages their decease rate has increased about three creases. 20.1 Per 100,000 in 1980. 56.7 Per 100,000 in 2000. COPD likely highest in England when comparison to the remainder of Europe, particularly in the major Centres of industry. Approximately 5 % of population in Sweden have jobs caused from COPD disease. 35000 sweds is annually placed into infirmary for intervention for heavy external respiration job caused by COPD. In Sweden approximately 2000 individual died of COPD disease annually. PHYSIOTHERAPY IN COPD Physiotherapy is frequently required to assist clear secernment and cut down work of external respiration, including non invasive airing to forestall cannulation. Physiotherapy must therefore include educating the patient and household about Restoration and care of exercising tolerance and self direction. Physiotherapy is hence best provided in the signifier of pneumonic rehabilitation. To live over any bronchospasm and ease the remotion of secernments. To better the form of external respiration, take a breathing control and control of dyspnea. To learn local relaxation, better position and aid still fright and anxiousness. To increase the cognition of the patient about lung status and control of the symptoms. Improve exercising tolerance and guarantee a long term committedness to exercisings. To cut down the perceptual experience of shortness of breath. To better the functional capacity. To cut down the degree of anxiousness for physical activity. Effects OF CHEST WALL STRETCHING IN COPD Chest wall musculuss stretching techniques increases critical capacity and scope of gesture. Keeping respiratory musculus map of critical importance for the respiratory system. The stretching of musculus fibers promotes consecutive addition in the figure of sarcomeres. Increase the volume of the splanchnic mass, inappropriate position, respiratory disease, and musculus failing and aging. Muscle stretching technique addition flexibleness and hurts. Prevent the musculus from responding sufficient extremum tenseness, which evolves to muscle failing, abjuration. Need For The Study Although intercessions to change by reversal failing in peripheral musculuss, are in common usage, secondary postural malformations can happen in response to hyper rising prices and increased work of take a breathing in COPD patients. Postural alterations can include elevated, protracted or abducted shoulder blade with medially rotated humerus and crookback spinal malformations. Since, hyper rising prices of the thorax, topographic points pectoralis major musculus in a sawed-off place it increases the opposition of chest wall to spread out, farther increasing the work of external respiration. The intent of this survey was aimed at stretching the shortened pectoral muscle major musculuss utilizing the clasp relax PNF technique and integrating pectoral mobility exercises to change by reversal the alterations in the chest wall following COPD. Hypothesis Null hypothesis There is no important difference in the dyspnea degree and shoulder horizontal extension following hold relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings. Alternate hypothesis There is important difference in the dyspnea degree and shoulder horizontal extensions following clasp relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings. CHAPTER – Two REVIEW OF LITERATURE Kimm ( 1987 ) Respiratory musculuss stretching better airing and tissue oxygenation improves the activity of day-to-day life and quality of life. Kahisaki et al. , ( 1999 ) The elongation of the respiratory musculuss might better pectoral enlargement and lessening dyspnea in COPD patients. Hamer A, Mahler A, Daubensperh.1967 Respiratory musculus stretching may heighten respiratory musculus map and cut down dyspnea in diagnostic patients with mild COPD. Levso, Honvoh F 1982, Stretching exercisings are a good 1 for the COPD patients and showed to be better the quality of life of patients. Magadle R, Mc Connel AX, Beckerman M, Inspiratory musculus preparation provides extra benefits to patients undergoing pneumonic rehabilitation plan. Moore AJ, StubbingsA, 2006, Concluded that COPD consequences non merely alteration in musculus fiber type distribution, but in a structural alteration in the titin molecule in all musculus fibre type with in the stop. M.Estenne, PA Gevenois, W Kinner In many patients with chronic failing of the respiratory muscles the cut down the lung distensability does non look to be caused by microatelectasis, it might be related to changes in snap of the lung tissues. Hideko minoguchi, Hirotaka Tanaka Respiratory musculus stretch may hold clinically important benefits, which may be slightly different from the benefit of inspiratory musculus preparation, in patients with COPD. M.Jeffy mador, MD, Omar Deniz MD The endurance of the respiratory musculuss can be improved by specific developing beyond that achieved by endurance developing entirely in patients with COPD. Eleine Paulin, Antonio ternando Bruneto 2003. Our consequences suggest that exercises aimed that pectoral enlargement better thoracic enlargement, quality of life bombers maximum exercising capacity, every bit good as cut down dyspnea and depression in COPD patients. PJ Wijkstra, EM tenvergart R, new wave Altena This survey is first show the rehabilitation at place for three months followed by one time monthly physical therapy Sessionss improve quality of life over 18 months ; the alteration in quality of life was non associated with a alteration in exercising tolerance. Havver A, Mahler DA 1989 Target inspiratory musculus stretching may heighten respiratory musculus map and cut down dyspnea in diagnostic patients with COPD. Camargo CA, Clarks Kenney PA. Additions slow critical capacity significantly correlated with dyspnoea betterment among exigency section patients with COPD. Montaldo et al. , 2000 The greater pectoral enlargement might better the length tenseness ratio of the respiratory muscles diminish the sensory nerve stimulation for cardinal respiratory control and cut down dyspnea. Teddoro montemayor et al. , 2006 Suggested that a simple place based plan of exercising preparation achieved betterment is exercise tolerance, station attempt dyspnea, and quality of life in COPD patients. Mario grassi MD, marica pecis 2009 A disease oriented place attention plan is effectual in cut downing mortality in COPD patients. Manuel gimenz, Pedro vergara 2000 A maximally intense stretching exercising plan can be created for most COPD patients that can significantly better respiratory musculus strength and endurance. Denna swart out-corbeil R.N, Davison A.M 2006 Physical exercising is designed to better respiratory efficiency promote, enlargement of lung and, chest, beef up the respiratory musculus and assist the patient breath more freely and to acquire more O into the organic structure. American physiological society 2006 The physical exercising improves respiratory take a breathing capacity by increasing chest wall enlargement and forced expiratory lung volume, bole mobility improves the chest wall map and relieves dyspneas. Putt MT, Watson M, seale H, The clasp and loosen up techniques produce short term benefits in patients with COPD. CHAPTER – Three MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY Study design A individual group pre test- station trial experimental survey design. 3.2 Study puting Department of pulmonology, K.G.Hospital, Coimbatore-18. 3.3 Study continuance Study was conducted for a period of three months ( 12 hebdomads ) . 3.4 Sampling Simple random sampling. 3.5 Subjects A sum of 15 patients diagnosed with mild COPD by the clinical doctor go toing the outpatient Department of Pulmonology of K.G.Hospital were selected indiscriminately for the survey. 3.6 Criteria for choice Inclusive standards Patients classified as holding mild COPD by the doctors were taken for the survey. Ability to execute exercisings. Both sexes. Patient in age group between 35-45 old ages. Exclusive standards Patients with any associated jobs of COPD Recent acute aggravation of disease Conditionss that contraindicate the application of clasp and loosen up techniques. Secondary musculoskeletal upsets. Recent breaks or hurt to the ribs, collarbone or upper limb. Perennial subluxation or disruption of either shoulder. Inability to execute isometric contraction. Connective tissue upset Ischemic bosom diseases Uncontrolled hyper tenseness Moderate to severe osteoporosis Extra conditions curtailing chest enlargement ( e.g. Obesity, terrible scoliosis, ancylosing spondylitis ) Systemic disease musculuss and articulations ( e.g. Rheumatoid arthritis ) Extremist mastectomy with remotion of the pectoral muscle major musculus. Recent thorax or abdominal surgery. 3.7 Variables Independent variables Hold and loosen up technique Thoracic mobility exercisings Dependent variables Shoulder horizontal extension Rate of perceived effort 3.8 Tools Goniometer Borg ‘s graduated table 3.9. Procedure Before the intervention all the topics were explained about the survey process and intervention to be applied. They were asked to inform if they had any uncomfortableness during the class of intervention. The patients were explained and show about the clasp relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings which they had to execute. The pre trial shoulder horizontal extension and rate perceived effort steps were taken, after which the group was asked to execute hold relax technique and pectoral mobility exercising for a continuance of 6 hebdomads, after which shoulder horizontal extension and dyspnea was assessed utilizing Goniometer and Borg ‘s graduated table severally. At the terminal of the 12th hebdomad the degree of dyspnea was found to be decreased with an addition in shoulder horizontal extension motion. 3.10. Stastical tools Paired ‘t ‘ Trial Paired’t ‘ trial was used to compare the pre Vs station A ; post Vs station trial values of both the groups. vitamin D = difference between pre trial V station trial vitamin D = mean difference n = entire figure of topics s = criterion divergence Unpaired ‘t ‘ Trial This was used to analyse the significance between experimental and control groups. Where, S = Standard divergence = Mean of control groups = Mean of experimental group n1 = Number of topics in control groups n2 = Number of topics in experimental group Chapter – Four DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Shoulder Horizontal Extension Movement TABLE – I Paired ‘t ‘ Trials Shows the mean, average difference, standard divergence and paired’t ‘ values between pre trial and station trial values. S.NO Trial Mean Mendelevium South dakota ‘t ‘ Valuess Pre Test 18.6 11 2.80 16.6 Post Test 30.6 The above tabular array I shows the analysis of pre trial and station trial values. The mated t-test value is ( 16.6 ) which is greater than the tabulated t-value ( =2.145 ) at 5 % degree of significance. This shows that there is a important difference between the values. Dyspnea TABLE – Two Paired ‘t ‘ trials Shows the mean, average difference, standard divergence and paired’t ‘ values between pre trial and station trial values. S.NO Trial Mean Mendelevium South dakota ‘t ‘ Valuess PRE Trial 16.6 1.67 2.31 10.2 POST Trial 10.5 The above tabular array II shows the analysis of pre trial and station trial values. The mated t-test value is ( 10.2 ) which is greater than the tabulated t-value ( =2.145 ) at 5 % degree of significance. This shows that there is a important difference between the values. GRAPH – I SHOULDER HORIZONTAL EXTENSION MOVEMENT COMPARISON OF PRE TEST AND POST TEST VALUES Shoulder Horizontal Extension Movement GRAPH – Two Dyspnea COMPARISON OF PRE TEST AND POST TEST VALUES Dyspnea Chapter – Volt Discussion Purpose of this survey was to bespeak that a hold relax technique specifically to the pectoral muscle major musculus is capable of increasing the result steps which are shoulder horizontal extension scope of gesture ( there by a little addition in critical capacity ) and cut down dyspnea in COPD patients. Previous surveies have found that a hold relax technique in normal topics can bring forth statically important increased hemodynamic viz. , systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area, as rate of perceived effort, respiratory rate, SaO2 were non adversely affected in any topics after intercession, this implies that the intervention is a safe method of intervention in chronic respiratory patients. The active method of intervention included in this survey appears to be safe and effectual in chronic respiratory patients. As adaptative shortening and stiffness around the upper limb musculus quadrant addition chest wall opposition and work of take a breathing. A method of change by reversaling these alterations of import to include a direction program for these patients. ( Arch phys med rehabilitation, vol 89, June 2008 ) . 15 topics with COPD were indiscriminately selected as a individual group who underwent hold relax technique of the pectoral muscle major and pectoral mobility exercisings, following 12 hebdomads of survey continuance and there was a important betterment of the result steps shoulder horizontal extension ( t 16.6 ) and dyspnea ( t 10.2 ) . Chapter – Six Decision This survey shows as important betterment in the dyspnea degree ( t=10.2 ) and shoulder horizontal extension ( t=16.6 ) in patients with mild COPD following hold relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings. This provides considerable grounds that hold relax technique can better the restrictive constituent of COPD, Extensibility of the pectoral muscle major musculus and perchance get the better of some of the postural alterations of COPD. Chapter – Seven LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Restriction Restriction of this survey is that FEV1, FVC were non measured in order to bespeak the badness of COPD in each topics. Demographic information was non taken into the survey. Recommendation Further survey should be done to larn more about how to change by reversal the secondary soft tissue effects of chronic respiratory disease. Chapter – Eight How to cite Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Leadership Styles and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Styles and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Answer: Introduction: A particular team can never reach the peak of success without having a contribution of an efficient leader. A leader with proper guidance tends to direct the team properly so that the team members can meet the goal. Giltinane (2013) opined that an appropriate leadership style plays an important role to motivate the employees for performing well towards their own team. Leadership style is classified into different categories that include participative form of leadership style, autocratic form of leadership style and transformational form of leadership form of leadership. This particular study has provided three scenarios based on three different situations. The scenarios have been presented in such a way that leaders had to choose different form of leadership style based on the work situation. As emphasized by Du et al. (2013), every leader should maintain a basic principle while providing a proper guidance to the team members. Frequent change of leadership style may demolish the perf ormance of the team members. Frankel Pgcms (2017) has firmly denied the point of view of previous scholar. This particular author has opined that with the advancement of technology the needs and demands of the people are changing gradually. Therefore, leaders have to change their form of leadership style as per situation. This particular study has provided an in-depth overview on how appropriate form of leadership style has a major impact on the performance of a specific team. Lian Tui (2012) opined that many eminent scholars have expressed their own point of view regarding this specific topic. With the help of an effective critical analysis the study has focused to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of having an appropriate leader within a team. The leaders have to face innumerable challenges while directing the team members as the members belong to diverse cultures and backgrounds. The existence of an efficient leader within the team has both the positive and negative impact. This particular study is based on three different scenarios. In every scenario it has been observed lea ders have changed their leadership style in different situations. In the first scenario, the leadership style of a CEO in a specific company has been highlighted. The case scenario implies that CEO while taking any kind of business decision regarding the further business progress tends to follow autocratic form of leadership. Autocratic form of leadership implies that the decision of the managerial head is considered as supreme. Merchant (2012) stated that employees do not get enough scope to express their point of views regarding the business goal. The CEO tends to impose their decision on team members. On many cases it has been observed that team members have lost their enthusiasm for performing well for the team members. This kind of form of leadership style is very much important for the CEO before implementing business strategy (Mller, Geraldi Turner, 2012). On the other hand, it has been observed that every business organization faces sudden crisis while running the entire business process. At this specific time, the CEO prefers to change th eir leadership style from autocratic to participative. Suanj and Jakopec (2012) stated that participative form of leadership style involves both the employers and the employees equally towards the business process. This particular leadership style implies that employees can share their point of view regarding the success of business. While facing any kind of business crisis CEO needs to take collective decision by involving the managers as well as organizational employees. As a result, employees as well show their enthusiastic attitude for providing superior quality of services to the customers (Clarke, 2013). At the same time, the transformational form of leadership style enables that the CEO to work with the subordinate. By following transformational form of leadership style the CEO can focus on three major factors primarily. Zhu et al. (2013) opined that the facts include inspiring intent, conversation for fulfillment, authentic demeanor, accountable environment and structural integrity. The second scenario has provided detailed overview on how an efficient sport coach has followed several kinds of leadership style in various situations. Whenever a coach remains within the field and guides the players towards proper direction, the employees like to follow autocratic form of leadership style at the workplace. The players have to maintain all the instructions of coach at the play ground. Ng and Sears (2012) opined that in the play ground the players have to be very much focused towards reaching the goal. In this kind of situation the leader should not allow the players to express their own opinion due to avoid any kind of communication barrier, psychological barrier and cultural barrier. Coach should be very much strict in own decision with the help of which the individual can maintain a discipline at the ground (Lam and O'Higgins, 2012). On the other hand, the coach can implement trait leadership theory as well. Trait leadership theory enables the leader to make an ef fective interpersonal communication. Interpersonal communication is the systematic method with the help of which both the sender and the receiver can receive immediate feedback with each other. On the other hand, by maintaining face to face communication the players can express their internal problem that they are facing while surviving within the team. This kind of interpersonal communication helps both the players and the coach to maintain healthy team environment. On the other hand, when a coach is out of the field this particular individual tend to follow democratic form of leadership style. Moriano et al. (2014) the coach by involving all the responsible team mates tends to conduct an effective group session. This particular group session helps the individuals to share their collective opinion. Players are free to express own point of view. On the other hand, based on the opinion the coach gives the players necessary feedback. A specific team is endowed with players from different geographical boundaries and cultural attributes. Therefore, while working on the play ground the players have faced innumerable challenges in communication with each other. In this kind of situation, the overall unity and strength of a specific team is highly destroyed. Therefore, the primary responsibility of an ideal sport coach is to arrange group discussion session by following democratic form of leadership style so that every individual player can communicate with each other. The third scenario has depicted a clear vista on how an efficient leader should behave while the individual will be will stay in a battle field. In order to direct fighters in a battle field the role of an efficient leader is most prominent. A leader should have a proper skill of decision making while the person will be within battle field. Otherwise, any kind of delay in taking the proper decision can demolish the entire consequence. In this kind of situation, the leaders tend to choose autocratic form of leadership style. With the help of autocratic form of leadership style the leader does not have to wait for taking collective decision. As a result, the leader has to take the entire responsibility. On the other hand, when the leader would be out of the battle field the entire scenario is completely different. The leaders can wait for the decision of their team members. Participative form of leadership style can be followed at that particular time. By following the participative leadership styles both the team members and the leader can be involved within business process. Therefore, the leaders get the scope to receive necessary suggestions from the team members on how to win the battle field. As a result, internal communication among the team becomes stronger. This specific scenario has depicted a vast vista on how the leaders of a particular battle field have to face different kinds of unexpected situation at the battle ground. Based on the situation, the leaders have to change their form of leadership style as well. Whenever, an efficient leader prefers to change the leadership style instantly at the spot due to the sudden change of situation, it is called transformational leadership style. Only experienced leaders can use transformational leadership style at the workplace. Conclusion: This particular study has provided in-depth analysis on how leadership style implies a major significance for leading a team towards the business target. The entire study has made critical analysis on three different scenarios. One specific scenario is based on the leadership style of an existing CEO associated with a particular business organization. The second scenario depicts the portraiture of the role of sport coach in inspiring the team members as an efficient leader. The third scenario depicts the detailed overview on how the leader should deal with the situation in the battle field as an efficient leader and decision maker. After evaluating the three scenarios it has been observed that leaders play an important role in everywhere in their own way. While taking a business decision the CEO can take effective communication with the employees to take a collective decision. On the other hand, the situation of a battle field is completely different. The leaders do not have that much time to involve the team for taking participative decision at the battle ground. Therefore, the success of battle is highly dependent on the leader. Similarly, while playing on the ground, the sport coach does not have sufficient time to make collective decision. Therefore, the leaders when staying out of the field tend to implement participative leadership style at the workplace. Reference List: Clarke, S. (2013). Safety leadership: A meta?analytic review of transformational and transactional leadership styles as antecedents of safety behaviours.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,86(1), 22-49. 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